Gum disease
Bleeding or swollen gums, especially after brushing, are usually the first sign of gingivitis. The CDC says gum disease affects about half of Americans. Caught early, gingivitis can be cured. If it is left alone, it can become periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss and destroy the jawbone. See our gum disease treatment.
Mouth injuries
Gums can bleed after a sharp bite of food or a sports injury. Minor injuries often heal on their own. Heavy or uncontrolled bleeding is serious, and you should get medical care right away.
A few precautions help. Wear a mouthguard for sports, skip sharp foods like chips and hard candy, and never use your teeth to cut or tear things. Keep dentures and retainers in good shape, because a damaged or ill-fitting appliance can injure your mouth. If yours no longer fits, we can replace it.
Other causes
- Tobacco: smoking, vaping and chewing tobacco dry the mouth and reduce blood flow to the gums. If your gums bleed, stop all tobacco. E-cigarettes are not a safer choice.
- Nutrition: a poor diet can cause vitamin deficiencies and gum problems. A blood test can check for this, and supplements may help.
- Medications: blood thinners, including aspirin, can increase bleeding. If you bleed while taking them, contact your healthcare provider.
- Pregnancy: bleeding gums are common and usually temporary, but it is still worth having them checked.
Sometimes bleeding gums can be a symptom of a more serious condition such as leukemia, which is another reason to have them examined promptly.
What to do at home
Do not stop brushing and flossing. Skipping them makes the problem worse.
- Brush for two minutes, twice a day, with a soft-bristled brush and gentle, circular strokes along the gums. A toothpaste for sensitive teeth and gums can help.
- Floss with waxed floss, curving it around each tooth and rocking it gently. Rinse well afterward.
- Avoid floss picks with rigid sides and avoid toothpicks or other sharp objects, which can irritate the gums.
- We may recommend a special mouthwash or a saltwater rinse to calm swollen gums and flush away debris.
How we treat bleeding gums
We start with an exam to find the cause. Treatment often begins with a thorough cleaning to remove plaque and tartar, followed by an antiseptic rinse. We may send you home with products to help your gums heal. Some patients need scaling and root planing or other in-office treatment.
Bleeding gums that do not improve need a dental exam. Call (781) 289-3331.
Common questions
What causes bleeding gums?
Most often gingivitis, which inflames and tenderizes the gum line. Treat it promptly, because untreated it can lead to tooth and jawbone loss.
Are bleeding gums a sign of cancer?
Usually they point to infection or poor hygiene, but occasionally they are a symptom of leukemia. Get evaluated so a dentist can find the cause.
Does smoking cause bleeding gums?
Smokers have a high risk of gum disease and tooth loss, and many develop bleeding gums. A smoking cessation program may help.
Can pregnancy cause bleeding gums?
Yes, it is common. The symptoms are usually temporary, but seek treatment promptly. A dentist can stop the bleeding and treat any underlying problem.
How are bleeding gums treated?
Usually with a thorough cleaning, an antiseptic rinse and home-care products. Some people need scaling and root planing.