Dental terminology: a plain-language glossary

A to C

Bruxism: grinding or clenching your teeth, often during sleep. It wears down enamel and can strain the jaw.
Cavity (dental caries): a small hole in a tooth that forms when plaque is left on the teeth and acids wear through the enamel.
Co-pay: a fixed amount you pay toward a visit, on top of what your insurance covers.
Cosmetic dentistry: dental work that improves the look of your teeth, gums or bite, even if it does not change how they function.
Crown: a cap that covers and protects a badly damaged or weakened tooth.

Decay: damage to the enamel caused by acids from the bacteria in plaque and tartar.
Dental assistant: a team member who supports the dentist and hygienist and helps care for patients.
Dental checkup: a routine visit, usually every six months, with a cleaning and an exam to catch problems early.
Dental filling: a material such as resin, porcelain, gold or amalgam that restores a tooth after decay.
Dental hygienist: a licensed professional who cleans teeth, screens for problems and teaches home care.
Dental prophylaxis: a professional, detailed cleaning that removes plaque, tartar and stains.
Dental sealant: a thin protective coating, usually placed on the chewing surfaces of back teeth, to help prevent cavities.
Dentin: the layer under the enamel. It is sensitive because tiny channels in it lead toward the center of the tooth.
Enamel: the hard outer surface of the tooth that protects what is inside.
Endodontics: the dental specialty that diagnoses tooth pain and performs root canal treatment.
Fluoride: a mineral that strengthens enamel and helps prevent decay.

Gingivitis: inflamed gums caused by plaque and poor oral hygiene. It can often be reversed with better home care and professional cleanings.
Health history: a record of your allergies, illnesses, surgeries and medications that helps us treat you safely.
In-network: a dentist who has agreed to set rates with your insurance company, which usually lowers your costs.
Oral cancer screening: a check of your mouth, gums and face for early signs of oral cancer, often part of a regular checkup.
Orthodontics: the specialty that corrects teeth, jaws and bites that are out of position.

Periodontitis: a more advanced gum disease that can damage the bone supporting your teeth and lead to tooth loss.
Plaque: a sticky film of bacteria that builds up on teeth every day.
Preventive dentistry: care aimed at keeping your mouth healthy, such as cleanings, exams and home-care coaching.
Pulp: the innermost part of the tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
Root canal treatment: a procedure that removes an infected or damaged pulp to save the tooth.
Tartar (calculus): plaque that has hardened on the teeth. Only a dental professional can remove it.
Treatment coordinator: a team member who explains your treatment plan, its cost and your appointment schedule.

Heard a word that is not here? Ask us at your next visit, or call (781) 289-3331.